Fundamentals Of Microelectronics Behzad Razavi 2006 Solution Pdf
Embed Wiley Fundamentals of Microelectronics (Razavi, 2006). BR Wiley/Razavi/Fundamentals of MicroelectronicsRazavi.cls v. 2006 June 30, 2007 at 13:42 1 (1)1Introduction to MicroelectronicsOverthepast five decades,microelectronicshasrevolutionizedourlives.While beyondtherealmof possibility a few decades ago, cellphones, digital cameras, laptop computers, and many otherelectronic products have now become an integral part of our daily affairs.Learning microelectronicscanbe fun. As we learn how each device operates, how devicescomprise circuits that perform interesting and useful functions, and how circuits form sophisti-cated systems, we begin to see the beauty of microelectronics and appreciate the reasons for itsexplosive growth.This chapter gives an overview of microelectronics so as to provide a context for the materialpresentedin thisbook.We introduceexamplesofmicroelectronicsystemsand identifyimportantcircuit “functions” that they employ. We also provide a review of basic circuit theory to refreshthe reader’s memory.1.1 Electronics versus MicroelectronicsThe general area of electronics began about a century ago and proved instrumental in the radioand radar communicationsused duringthe two world wars. Early systems incorporated“vacuumtubes,” amplifying devices that operated with the flow of electrons between plates in a vacuumchamber.
However, the finite lifetime and the large size of vacuum tubes motivated researchersto seek an electronic device with better properties.The first transistor was invented in the 1940sand rapidly displaced vacuum tubes. It exhibiteda very long (in principle, infinite) lifetime and occupied a much smaller volume (e.g., less than 1cm3in packaged form) than vacuum tubes did.But it was not until 1960s that the field of microelectronics, i.e., the science of integratingmany transistors on one chip, began. Early “integrated circuits” (ICs) contained only a handfulof devices, but advances in the technology soon made it possible to dramatically increase thecomplexity of “microchips.”Example 1.1Today’s microprocessors contain about 100 million transistors in a chip area of approximately3cm3cm. (The chip is a few hundred microns thick.) Suppose integrated circuits were notinvented and we attempted to build a processor using 100 million “discrete” transistors. If eachdevice occupies a volume of 3 mm3mm3mm, determine the minimum volume for theprocessor. What other issues would arise in such an implementation?SolutionThe minimum volume is given by 27 mm3108, i.e., a cube 1.4 m on each side!
Of course, the1BR Wiley/Razavi/Fundamentals of MicroelectronicsRazavi.cls v. 2006 June 30, 2007 at 13:42 2 (1)2Chap. 1 Introduction to Microelectronicswires connecting the transistors would increase the volume substantially.In addition to occupying a large volume, this discrete processor would be extremelyslow; thesignals would need to travel on wires as long as 1.4 m!
Fundamentals Of Microelectronics Behzad Razavi 2006 Solution Pdf Online
1 Introduction to Microelectronics wires connecting the transistors would increase the volume substantially. In addition to occupying a large volume, this discrete processor would be extremely slow;the. Outline the progress made in the history of microelectronics. Describe the evolution of microelectronics from point-to-point wiring through high element.